A Study on Sustainable Development Goals in Healthcare in India

Author(s): Yashveer Yadav, Dr. Tarsem Garg

Abstract:

This study examines India’s strategic roadmap, systemic achievements, and structural challenges in realizing United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being) by 2030. Operating the world’s largest public health portfolio, India employs a dual approach combining robust financial risk protection through the Ayushman Bharat (AB-PMJAY) scheme with comprehensive primary care digitization via the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM). Utilizing secondary data from the NITI Aayog SDG India Index and national family health surveys, this paper evaluates regional performance disparities across major states. The analysis reveals substantial progress in maternal and under-five mortality reductions, accelerated by structural frameworks like the U-WIN immunization platform. However, systemic bottlenecks persist, driven by high out-of-pocket expenditure averaging nearly double the sustainable target benchmark alongside acute rural-urban diagnostic imbalances and a rising non-communicable disease burden. The study concludes that achieving universal health coverage requires bridging state-level infrastructure gaps, stabilizing administrative leadership tenures, and expanding public healthcare spending. Ultimately, India’s digitized, equity-driven model provides a scalable template for developing nations striving toward sustainable healthcare infrastructure under stringent fiscal constraints.

Keywords: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), Indian healthcare system, Public health policy, Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Healthcare accessibility, Sustainable development

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